Berge Stahl

The MS Berge Stahl is a Norwegian bulk carrier. The Berge Stahl is one of the longest and largest iron ore carrier in the world (only the MS Vale Brasil is bigger).

The next photo shows the MS Vale Brasil (2011). The MS Vale Brasil is the longest ore carrier in the world.

Landslide

A landslide is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground movement, which can occur in offshore, coastal and onshore environments. Although the action of gravity is the primary driving force for a landslide to occur, there are other contributing factors affecting the original slope stability.

Infrastructure

The term typically refers to the technical structures that support a society, such as: 

• roads, 

• bridges, 

• water supply, 

• sewers, 

• electrical grids, 

• telecommunications, etc.

It can be generally defined as the set of interconnected structural elements that provide framework supporting an entire structure of development. 

is basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise, or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function. 

Infrastructure is an important term for judging a country or region's development.

When travelers from abroad come to an another country, they sometimes encounter infrastructure problems. 

Like the world's most dangerous roads in the world in Nepal.

Or the most difficult landing in the world in Bhutan.

How tides are formed

Tides
Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels. Roughly every 12 hours, the oceans on each side of the globe rise a little and then fall back. These tides are caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces between the rotation of the Earth and the Moon and the Sun.

Spring Tides 
When the moon is full or new, the gravitational pull of the moon and sun are combined. At these times, the high tides are very high and the low tides are very low. This is known as a spring high tide. Spring tides are especially strong tides. They occur when the Earth, the Sun, and the Moon are in a line. The gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun both contribute to the tides. Spring tides occur during the full moon and the new moon.

Neap Tides 
During the moon's quarter phases the sun and moon work at right angles, causing the bulges to cancel each other. The result is a smaller difference between high and low tides and is known as a neap tide. Neap tides are especially weak tides. They occur when the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun are perpendicular to one another. Neap tides occur during quarter moons.

Tide changes proceed via the following stages:

1	Sea level rises over several hours.	flood tide.
2	The water rises to its highest level.	high tide
3	Sea level falls over several hours.	ebb tide
4	The water stops falling.	low tide

Solar eclipse in northern Australia

The total eclipse of the sun. Tens of thousands of tourists,  scientists and astronomers gathered in northern Australia  on  14 November 2012 to glimpse a rare total solar eclipse.

The eclipse, which occurs when the moon passes between the Earth and the sun, plunged parts of Queensland into darkness for just over two minutes. Watch also the next video.


VIDEO - Solar eclipes (BBC news)

Eustatic sea-level rise

Eustatic sea-level rise is the world-wide changes in sea level over decades to centuries.

The change of the sea-level occurs everywhere throughout the world, due not to a movement of the land but to an actual fall or rise of the ocean itself.


Eustatic sea-level rise is the world-wide changes in sea level caused by the addition of water from the melting of glacial ice and/or the thermal expansion of sea water due to global warming.

The graph illustrates the sea-level curve in last 210 million years, with the high levels representing marine transgressions and the low levels representing marine regressions.

Marine regression is a geological process occurring when areas of submerged seafloor are exposed above the sea level. The opposite event, marine transgression, occurs when flooding from the sea covers previously exposed land.

Rotterdam mainport

The Port of Rotterdam is the largest port in Europe, located in the city of Rotterdam, Netherlands. 

Rotterdam mainport is Europe's logistical centre with an infrastructure catering to all transport modalities. It consists of different distinct port areas and distriparks that facilitate the needs of a hinterland with 40,000,000 consumers.

From 1962 until 2004 it was the world's busiest port, now overtaken by first Shanghai and then Singapore. 

In 2009, Rotterdam was the world's tenth-largest container port in the world. 

In 2011 Rotterdam was the world's fifth-largest port in terms of annual cargo tonnage.

Covering 105 square kilometres, the port of Rotterdam now stretches over a distance of 40 kilometres. 

The port of Rotterdam consists of: 

• the city centre's historic harbour area, including Delfshaven; 

• the Maashaven / Rijnhaven / Feijenoord complex;

• Waalhaven; 

• Vondelingenplaat; 

• Eemhaven; 

• Botlek; 

• Europoort, situated along the Calandkanaal, Nieuwe Waterweg and Scheur (the latter two being continuations of the Nieuwe Maas); and 

• The reclaimed Maasvlakte area, which projects into the North Sea.